
Some hospitals have reduced afternoon errors by scheduling vigilance breaks that force teams to take a time out to check the specifics of the surgery before beginning.

Another 14% are larks who function best in the early morning hours. About 21% of us are owls-like Thomas Edison, who was more likely to be found in his laboratory at midnight than at midday.Innovation and creativity are actually higher in the afternoon, when our energy levels and focus drop we are less constrained during the afternoon "trough" and more likely to make leaps of insight.For analytic tasks, humans perform better in the morning-a University of Chicago study found that scheduling math classes in the first two periods of the day rather than the last two significantly boosted students' math GPA.The time of the call, and the mood it engenders in participants, even influences the companies' stock prices. Time-of-day has wide implications: earnings calls held in the morning tend to be more upbeat and positive, with negativity deepening in afternoon calls and only recovering after the closing bell.

Numerous studies have shown that, across all cultures and countries, there is a "temporal affective pattern" that causes people to be more energized and positive in the morning, plummet into a trough in the afternoon, then rebound in the evening.
